From Burdigala to Bordeaux

On line since September 16, 2009 · Updated September 16, 2009
In Bordeaux, between Avenue Clemenceau and Palais-Gallien Street, a preventive archaeological excavation is being conducted prior to the construction of an auditorium and underground car park. The aim of this nine month dig, is to study a Roman quarter from its creation at the beginning of the 1st century AD until its abandonment during the 3rd century AD.

Excavation context

The site is located within the Early-Roman Empire town, which was to become the capital of the Bituriges Vivisques. This urban area grew significantly towards the end of the reign of Augustus. It extended around the ancient centre of the Gallic occupation and the first expansion that followed the conquest.
During the Late-Empire, the site was abandoned because of the construction of the castrum. From this time on, this district  was not built on and may perhaps have progressively returned to cultivation. Located beyond the third Bordeaux city-wall, it remained "outside the walls" until the 18th century. This situation contributed to the preservation of its ancient remains.

An urban, residential and artisanal quarter

A Roman street crosses the excavation. It comprises successive packed gravel layers. A covered pavement separated the buildings from the road.
Though the plan of the first buildings has not yet been found, it seems that the site was densely occupied from its earliest days. Blacksmiths' shops and houses whose walls are made of perishable materials built on stone foundations, have been found in the oldest levels.
Later buildings include houses with solid floors made of concrete containing crushed brick or pot, and a mosaic. However construction with simpler materials did not disappear.
In addition to the houses, workshops and commercial premises have also been found. There is evidence of decorative bone working and loom weights indicate that cloth was woven here.
During the 3rd century, towards the end of the occupation, two glass making kilns were installed next to the road. In this workshop finished products were obtained by remelting unfinished glass imported from workshops in the eastern Mediterranean, or from recycled glass. The presence of this workshop probably indicates the change of use of some of the buildings.

The research goals of the excavation

The alignment of the street and the buildings differs from that of the street layout of Burdigala. The archaeologists will try to find out why. Was it because of topographic constraints, the secondary status of the street, or was it an inheritance from the earliest constructions?
The presence of workshops and habitats in what at first sight was not an outlying urban quarter also merits further attention.
This district emerged during the reign of Augustus during a major expansion of the city. The excavation provides an opportunity to study the processes of Romanisation in Bordeaux during the Early-Empire, including the evolution of the lifestyle of its inhabitants, changes in building techniques and the sources of supplies and food.

Developers

SNC Brochon Puy-Paulin

Site Director

Kristell Chuniaud, Inrap

Curation

Service régional de l'Archéologie, Drac Aquitaine

See images

  • Roman houses in the course of excavation.
    Roman houses in the course of excavation.
    © Inrap
  • General view of the excavation.
    General view of the excavation.
    © Inrap
  • Gallo-Roman houses.
    Gallo-Roman houses.
    © Inrap
  • Earth built wall over a stone footing.
    Earth built wall over a stone footing.
    © Inrap
  • Mosaic floor.
    Mosaic floor.
    © Inrap
  • Glass workshop: close-up of one of the kilns.
    Glass workshop: close-up of one of the kilns.
    © Inrap
  • Waste from a bone workshop which specialized in making dice.
    Waste from a bone workshop which specialized in making dice.
    © Inrap
  • Bone dice.
    Bone dice.
    © Inrap