79 intact stelae, 1 altar and some fragments have been discovered. The total number of stelae is estimated at about 200. Their iconography can be divided into two types: stelae with a crescent surmounting a dovetail cartouche containing an epitaph (20 examples) and figured stelae (64 examples) showing men, women and sometimes couples and children. As far as dating is concerned, the formulae used in the texts indicate the first half of the 2nd century AD.
Aedui stelae from the Autun cemetery
On line since September 15, 2009 · Updated September 15, 2009
In 2004, during the excavation of a Gallo-Roman cemetery in Autun, 200 funerary stelae, whole or fragmented, were discovered. Their number and the fact that some were found in graves placed flat on coffins, gives this corpus exceptional research importance.

The cemetery
The cemetery is north-east of the Roman town, about 600 metres from the imposing ramparts. The funerary vocation of this sector has been known since the 19th century, but it was not until the town of Autun carried out an important building project that the true interest of the site was revealed at last. Used from the Augustan period up to the 3rd century AD, the cemetery contains about 450 tombs, mostly burials but there are some cremations.
The Stelae
Why did the Aedui stelae disappear?
All the stelae were found in secondary positions, not one was found in its original place above a tomb. Most of them were thrown in ditches and rubbish pits, but a considerable number were placed within graves, laid flat on top of the coffins. This practice raises questions. Was this gesture part of a ritual or a symbolic act whose significance escapes us? Several hypotheses have been proposed, none is entirely satisfactory.
As a ritual act: the gesture could be apotropous (turning away danger, protecting) or superstitious (protection in favour of or against the deceased's soul).
Another possibility is that when the grave was opened to be re-used the stela was placed inside. This could have been to bury a member of the same family, the descendants (of the deceased) displacing the stela, and placing it on the coffin of the newly buried individual.
Another possibility is the use of the stela as an architectural element of the tomb, as a symbolic covering element, like the lid of a sarcophagus.
Possibly in the same way as other structures were backfilled with rubbish, there was a process of rejection. The stelae could have been placed in the graves for practical reasons, either because the rubbish pits were already full, or to save energy and time, the gravediggers finding it easiest to put them in nearby graves close to those gone to ruin.
There are many questions, the explanations should be treated with caution and interpretations are always risky. We have now to wait for comparable examples in order to seize the true meaning of what has been observed.
As a ritual act: the gesture could be apotropous (turning away danger, protecting) or superstitious (protection in favour of or against the deceased's soul).
Another possibility is that when the grave was opened to be re-used the stela was placed inside. This could have been to bury a member of the same family, the descendants (of the deceased) displacing the stela, and placing it on the coffin of the newly buried individual.
Another possibility is the use of the stela as an architectural element of the tomb, as a symbolic covering element, like the lid of a sarcophagus.
Possibly in the same way as other structures were backfilled with rubbish, there was a process of rejection. The stelae could have been placed in the graves for practical reasons, either because the rubbish pits were already full, or to save energy and time, the gravediggers finding it easiest to put them in nearby graves close to those gone to ruin.
There are many questions, the explanations should be treated with caution and interpretations are always risky. We have now to wait for comparable examples in order to seize the true meaning of what has been observed.
Development
Building project of the town of Autun
Curation
Regional Archaeological Service (Drac Burgundy)
Site Director
Stéphane Venault, Inrap
Collaboration
Yannick Labaune (Autun municipal preventive archaeology specialist)
Simone Deyts (université de Bourgogne) : Iconography
Yann Le Bohec (Paris IV- Sorbonne) : Epigraphy
Period of Intervention:
From June 21 to September 30, 2004.
Simone Deyts (université de Bourgogne) : Iconography
Yann Le Bohec (Paris IV- Sorbonne) : Epigraphy
Period of Intervention:
From June 21 to September 30, 2004.
Excavation team
Estelle Belay, Christophe Besnier, Jean-Luc Broussard, Anne-Lise Bugnon, Serge Cordenod, Astrid Couilloud, Carole Fossurier, Philippe Gerbet, Régis Haverbeque, Laure Humbert, Yannick Labaune, Vincent Marchaisseau, Sylvie Mouton-Venault, Bernard Picandet, Nicolas Tisserand, Dominique Sordoillet, Bernadette Soum.

See images
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Stelae found placed flat in graves.© L. de Cargouėt, Inrap -
Stelae found placed flat in graves.© L. de Cargouėt, Inrap -
Stelae found in rubbish pits.© L. de Cargouėt, Inrap -
A metal-worker's stela. In his right hand a square-tailed hammer. The left hand merges with what seems to be pincers© L. de Cargouėt, Inrap -
Man holding a hammer in his right hand.© L. de Cargouėt, Inrap -
The right hand, with its thumb, index and little finger stretched, presents a cup. The left hand holds a tool whose blade is placed on the edge of the niche: A quarryman's hammer?© L. de Cargouėt, Inrap -
The right hand, raised, presents a hammer with a pointed tail, the left hand is simply held back against the tunic. Stone sculptor or sheet metal worker.© L. de Cargouėt, Inrap -
Altar surmounted by two cushions framing a large bowl. Inscription: (Here lies), the stone sculptor, worker Sacilus.© L. de Cargouėt, Inrap -
Metal-worker hammering a vase.© L. de Cargouėt, Inrap -
The right hand holds a cup while the left holds a slim, curved object: a metal-worker's mobile anvil?© L. de Cargouėt, Inrap -
Female figure. The right hand holds a beaker, the left hand a distaff and its spindle.© L. de Cargouėt, Inrap -
Metal-worker. The right hand, index pointed, holds a square-tailed hammer. The left hand, also with the index finger pointed, holds a pair of pincers of the fire-tongs type (projecting outside the lower frame of the niche).© L. de Cargouėt, Inrap -
The right hand presents a large footed cup. The left hand is closed over the handle of a slim-headed hammer with a long thin tail. Tool of an engraver or a stone sculptor?© L. de Cargouėt, Inrap -
Male figure. The raised right hand presents a beaker, the left one holds a large chisel with large flat blades which can be used, among other things, to work wool. « to the gods of Manes. (Here lies) Lollianus, son of Domus. »© L. de Cargouėt, Inrap -
Female stela. The hands, lowered, are placed on two pitchers with handles placed at the bottom of the niche.© L. de Cargouėt, Inrap -
Stela of a young woman called Blanda. She holds a cup and a glass flask.© L. de Cargouėt, Inrap -
Stela of a child shown, as often, with a dog (seen head-on, on his right) and a bird on his breast. He also holds wax tablets bound with a leather strap, indicating his learning to read.© L. de Cargouėt, Inrap -
Stela of a couple (rare in Autun). The woman has a young face while the man with sparse hair seems older.© L. de Cargouėt, Inrap -
Female stela, without a figure, containing a pediment with an inscribed crescent.© L. de Cargouėt, Inrap -
Naive representation of a large face.© L. de Cargouėt, Inrap -
Stela with a crescent decorated with a small rosette between its branches. In the cartouche, the name of the deceased: ARCINUS followed by the name of his father COTUBINUS.© L. de Cargouėt, Inrap -
Stela fragment of a metal-worker: a pair of pincers in his left hand.© L. de Cargouėt, Inrap

